Indira Awaas Yojana (IAY)
Introduction:
The Indira Awaas Yojana (IAY) is a flagship scheme of the Ministry of Rural Development to provide houses to the poor in the rural areas.
Objective:
The objective of the Indira Awaas Yojana is primarily to help construction/upgradation of dwelling unit of members of Scheduled Castes/Scheduled Tribes, freed bonded labourers and other below the poverty line non-SC/ST rural house holds by providing them a lump sum financial assistance.
Detail:
The Indira Awaas Yojana is a Centrally Sponsored Scheme funded on cost-sharing basis between Government of India and the State Governments in the ratio of 75:25.
Grant of Rs.20,000 per uni is provided in the plain areas and Rs 22,000 /- in hilly/difficult areas for construction of a house. For conversion of a Kutcha house into puca house Rs. 10,000/- is provided. Sanitary latrine abd smokeless Chullha are integral part of the house.
The target groups for houses under the IAY are below poverty line households living in the rural areas belonging to Scheduled Castes/Scheduled Tribes, freed bonded labourers and non-SC/ST BPL rural households, widows and next of kin to defence personnel /paramilitary forces killed in action residing in rural areas (irrespective of their income criteria), ex-servicemen and retired member of paramilitary forces fulfilling the other conditions.
The Programme will be implemented through the Zilla Parishads/ DRDAs and houses will be constructed by the beneficiaries themselves.
The District Panchayat/Zilla Panchayat /District Rural Development Agencies (DRDAs) on the basis of allocations made and targets fixed shall decide the number of houses to be constructed/upgraded Panchayat wise under the IAY, during a particular financial year. The same shall be intimated to the Gram Panchayat concerned. Thereafter, the Gram Sabha will select beneficiaries from the list of eligible BPL households, restricting the number to the target allotted as per the Programme Guidelines. Selection by the Gram Sabha is final. No approval by a higher body is required. Zilla Parishads/DRDAs and Block Development Officers should however, be sent a list of selected beneficiaries for their information.
The selection of the beneficiaries will be subject to the condition that the households of all the above categories except (iii) are Below Poverty Line(BPL) Allotment of dwelling units should be in the name of female member of the beneficiary household. Alternatively, it can be allotted in the name of both husband and wife.
Sawarnjayanti Gram Swarozgar Yojana(SGSY)
Introduction:
Launched on 1st April 1999, the programme replaces the earlier self-employment and allied programmes-IRDP,TRYSEM, DWCRA, SITRA, GKY, MWS and ensures appreciable sustained level of income over a period of time.
Objective:
The objective of SGSY is to provide sustainable income to the rural poor. The programme aims at establishing a large number of micro-enterprises in the rural areas, building upon the potential of the rural poor. It is envisaged that every family assisted under SGSY will be brought above the poverty line in a period of three years.
Detail:
SGSY is a Centrally Sponsored Scheme and funding is shared by the State and Government in the ratio of 75:25.
SGSY is a holistic programme covering all aspects of self-employment such as organization of the rural poor into self help groups and their capacity building, planning of activity clusters infrastructure build up technology, credit and marketing. In establishing the micro-enterprises, the emphasis under SGSY is on activity cluster. For this 4-5 key activities will be identified for each block based on resources, occupational skills of the people and availability of markets
SGSY is implemented by the District Rural Development Agencies(DRDAs) through Panchayat Samithis and, with the active involvement of other Panchayati Raj Institutions, the banks, the line departments and NGOs.
Under SGSY, the beneficiaries are known as Swarozgaris. The Swarozgaris can be either individuals or groups. SGSY lays emphasis on the group approach, under which the rural poor are organized into Self Help Groups.In either case, the list of BPL households identified through through BPL census, duly approved by Gram Sabha will form the basis for identification of families for assistance under SGSY.
National Rural Employment Guarentee Act (NREGA)
Introduction:
NREGA guarentees 100 days of employment in a financial year to any household whose adult members are willig to do unskilled manual work.
Objective:
The basic objective of NREGA is to enhance livelihood security in rural areas by providing at least 100 days of guarenteed wage employment in a financial year to every household whose adult members volunteer to do unskilled manual work. This work guarentee can also serve other objectives: generating productive assets, protecting the environmnent, empowering rural women, reducing rural-urban migration and fostering social equity, among others.
Detail:
NREGA is a Centrally Sponsored Scheme and funding is shared by the State and Government in the ratio of 75:25.
Every registered household will be assigned a unique registration number. The number will be given on the job card of the household. 'Household' will mean a nuclear family comprising mother, father, and their children, and may include any person wholly or substantially dependent on the head of the family. Household will also mean a single-member family.
The responsibility for ensuring the scheme is implemented lies with District Programme Coordinator, the Programme Oficer and PRIs
NREGA will be open to all rural households in the areas notified by the Central Government. The entitlement o 100 days of guarenteed employment in a financial year is in terms of a household. This entitlement of 100 days per year can be shared within the household;more than one person in a household can be employed (simultaneoulsy or at different times). All adult members of the household who register may apply for work.
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